The Visconti Castle of Voghera represents one of the most significant examples of fortified architecture in Lombardy, tangible evidence of the power and foresight of the Visconti family. Located in the Oltrepò Pavese, this imposing manor offers a fascinating glimpse into the region‘s medieval history, with a structure that has gone through centuries of transformations and vicissitudes.
Origins and Construction
The origins of Voghera Castle date back to 1335, when Azzone Visconti ordered the construction of the fortress. However, it was under the rule of Galeazzo II Visconti that the castle saw its completion and enhancement between 1360 and 1372. Galeazzo II, known for his military and strategic prowess, enlarged the original structure, strengthening its defences to make it a true fortified citadel.
Like other Visconti castles, that of Voghera was built close to the city walls. This strategic choice allowed the fortress to act as a bulwark against external attacks and, at the same time, offered a safe escape route in the event of internal uprisings. The castle was thus not only a symbol of power, but also a guarantee of protection for its inhabitants.
Architecture and Structure
The castle of Voghera is characterised by a quadrangular plan, typical of medieval fortifications, with four imposing corner towers outlining its massive profile. The brick construction gives the structure a severe and robust appearance, emphasising its defensive function.
The main entrance was originally equipped with a drawbridge, a fundamental element for the castle‘s security, which allowed it to cross the surrounding moat. The gate tower, adorned with two sturdy granite columns topped by a balcony, is one of the most distinctive architectural elements of the fortress. At the rear, an imposing tower juts out from the perimeter wall, where the remains of the drawbridge channels are still visible, a reminder of medieval defence techniques.
A Pole of Defence and Power
The Visconti Castle of Voghera was not isolated in its defensive function. It was in fact part of a complex system of fortifications that included the castles of Novara, Vercelli, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Pavia and Cremona. This network of Visconti castles formed a ring of protection around Padania, guaranteeing the control of the territory and the security of the main communication routes.
Evolution and Later Uses
Over the centuries, the castle has undergone numerous alterations, adapting to the needs of the various historical periods. During the 19th century, for instance, the fortress was used as a prison, a function that partially changed its internal structure. Despite these changes, the original layout of the castle is still clearly visible, allowing visitors to grasp the essence of its medieval architecture.
